The Kabbalah is heavily associated with the elves, with their strongest members comprising the Apostles of Sephira and the elves reincarnated by placing the magic stones in the Tree of Life Monument. The elves were massacred by the Clover Kingdom, a country with Roman names including "Julius", "Augustus", and "Nero", drawing a parallel to the destruction of Jerusalem by the Roman Empire. The elves are a race "blessed by mana" similar to the belief that the Jews are the chosen people of God. The Elf Tribe from Black Clover is one of the Biblical Jews.Berserk: Midland is medieval Denmark, Kushan is a combination of India and the Middle East (but mostly India, it is named after the Kushan Empire ), Chuder/Tudor is most likely based on the medieval Holy Roman Empire, Serpico and Farnese's homeland is Italy (with the Holy See as a stand-in for the Papal States), Farnese's fiance's homeland Ys seems based on England.We also see that some of the Anti-Marleyan volunteers were came from Marley-occupied nations that appears to be based on Russia (Yelena) and an African nation (Onyankopon). Hizuru is based on Japan, and the Middle-East Union appears to be based on the Ottoman Empire. * With this in mind, and taking into the consideration that Marley intentionally kept the Paradis Eldian population in captivity from the outside world with the Titans effectively being their "guards," you could even draw comparisons to the Walls being a massive concentration camp.
Marley is Nazi Germany, with its captive Eldian population dressing (and treated) like European Jews of the same era. Once the world outside the Walls is introduced, things go further with the introduced groups all resembling early 20th century cultures. The Shogun/Oriental clan that Mikasa is descended from appears to be based on Japan. In Attack on Titan, the culture within the Walls seems to borrow heavily from Germany.However this approach still has its risks - if the Fantasy Counterpart Culture is based on a too simplistic view of a particular region of the world, it ends up lacking both in depth and originality. Basing a new society on one that's already had a turn at some point in human history can both help the audience relate and provide a creative framework to twist and turn said society into an interesting variant of its former self. It's also more easily justified in works containing humans: the Real Life counterparts of the fictional cultures have all actually come into existence and are the results of real groups of people coming together to build something over time. Guy Gavriel Kay's The Lions of Al-Rassan is a thinly disguised historical novel, but changing the names of the countries and religions means the readers don't know how the story will end, helping to maintain dramatic tension. Making the Shire an idealized England transplanted to Middle-earth makes it easier for readers to identify with the point of view characters, since they probably have much more in common with Bilbo than with Thorin. There are also sound literary reasons for using this trope.
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